Soil Nematodes of Brassica rapa: Influence of Temperature and pH

Martin Moluwa Matute

Abstract


An investigation of the soil nematodes associated with Brassica rapa and the effects of temperature and pH on their populations was carried out. The nematodes recovered were categorized into three ecologically functional groups; Nitrogen Releasing Nematodes (NRN, bacterial- and fungal- feeders), Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (PPN), and Pest Suppressor Nematodes (PSN, Carnivorous or predatory (Ca) and Omnivorous (Om), nematodes). While over 67% of the NRN were bacterial feeding nematodes (Ba2), dominated by Plectus and Acrobeloides; over 65% of the PPN were contributed by the Pl3 nematodes dominated by Helicotylenchus mucronatus and Rotylenchus buxophilus; and the PSN were dominated (over 63%) by the omnivores (Om4; Mesodorylaimus and Dorylaimus). Populations of all the nematode categories recovered fluctuated significantly (P < 0.01) during the sampling period. All the nematode groups were similarly weakly negatively correlated with pH and temperature. Approximately 1000 H. mucronatus nematodes/100 mL of soil was recorded. This is 10x the value for which the management of PPN is recommended. The entire soil nematode food web structure was represented in the nematodes recovered, all groups of nematodes responded similarly to environmental changes, all groups of nematodes tended to be acidophilic and thermophobic, and the PPN could potentially be a threat for profitable B. rapa production.


Keywords


Soil nematodes; Ecological function; Brassica rapa; Acidophilic; Thermophobic

Full Text:

PDF

References


Bakonyi, G., Nagy, P., Kovacs-Lang, E., & Barabas, S. (2007). Soil nematode community structure as affected by temperature and moisture in a temperate semiarid shrub land. Applied Soil Ecology, 37(1), 31-40.

Barker, K. R. (1985). Nematode extraction and bioassays. In K. R. Barker, C. C. Carter, & S. N. Sasser (Eds), An advanced treatise on Meloidogyne, (Vol. 2, pp.19-35). North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Brady, N. C., & Weil, R. R. (2008). The nature and properties of soils (14th ed). Columbus, OH: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Burns, N. C. (1971). Soil pH effects on nematode populations associated with soybeans. Journal of Nematology, 3(3), 237-245.

Ferris, H., & Matute, M. M. (2003). Structural and functional succession in the nematode fauna of the soil food web. Applied Soil Ecology, 23, 93-110.

Fisher, P., & Fuhrer, E. (1990). Effect of soil acidity on the entomophilic nematode Steinernema kraussei Steiner. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 9(2), 174-177.

Geden, C. J., & Axtell, R. C. (1988). Effect of temperature on nematodes (Steinernema feltiae[Nematoda: Steinermematidae]): Treatment of soil for control of lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Turkey Houses. J. Econ. Entomol, 81(3), 800-803.

Holgado, R., Stryken, A., Magnusson, C., Rasmussen, I., Strandenaes, K., & Hammeraas, B. (2008, December). A plant-parasitic nematode survey of vegetable crops in Lier, Norway. Paper presented at Advances in Nematology Conference, Linnean Society of London, UK.

Joa, J.-H., Moon, K.-H., Chun, S.-J., Choi, K.-S., & Hyun, H.-N. (2010, August). Effect of temperature on soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities, and PLFA content during incubation period of soil treated with organic materials [DVD]. 19th World Congress of Soil Science: Soil solutions for a changing World, Brisbane, Australia.

Knight, K. W. L., Barber, C. J., & Page, G. D. (1997). Plant-parasitic nematodes of New Zealand recorded by host association. Supplement to the Journal of Nematology, 29(45), 640-656.

Korthals, G. W., Bongers, T., Kammenga, T. J. E., Alexiev, A. D., & Lexmond, T. M. (1996). Long-term effects of Copper and pH on the nematode community in an agroecosystem. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15(6), 979-985.

Matute, M. M., Manning, Y. A., & Kaleem, M. I. (2012). The effect of feeding by the Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) on the Benthic Invertebrate Community in the Ponds. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(6), 267-271.

Matute, M. M., Manning, Y. A., & Kaleem, M. I. (2013). Community structure of soil nematodes associated with Solanum tuberosum. Journal of Agricultural Science, 5(1), 44-53.

Matute, M. M., Perschbacher, P. W., & Newell, A. (2009). Determination of benthic soil conditions using nematodes: Nematode food web conditions of fish ponds in the Lincoln and Desha Counties of Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, 63, 131-138.

Mennan, S., & Handoo, Z. A. (2006). Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with cabbages (Brassica spp.) in Samsun (Middle Black sea Region), Turkey. Nematropica, 36, 99-104.

Pietikainen, J., Pettersson, M., & Baath, E. (2005). Comparison of temperature effects on soil respiration and bacterial and fungal growth rates. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 52(1), 49-58.

Radova, S., & Trnkova, Z. (2010). Effect of soil temperature and moisture on the pathogenicity of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Journal of Agrobiology, 27(1), 1-7.

Raty, M., & Huhta, V. (2003). Earthworms and pH affect communities of nematodes and enchytraeids in forest soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38(1), 52-58.

Russom, Z., Odihirin, R. A., & Matute, M. M. (1993). Comparison of population density of plant parasitic and free-living nematodes in earthworm casts and adjacent soils of fallow and cultivated land in S.E Nigeria. Annals of Applied Biology, 123, 331-336.

Warner, F. (2009, May 14). Soil fertility, pH, texture and nematodes. Retrieved from http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/soil_fertility_ph_texture_and_nematodes




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/j.ans.1715787020130604.2858

DOI (PDF): http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/g5384

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c)



Share us to:   

Reminder

How to do online submission to another Journal?

If you have already registered in Journal A, then how can you submit another article to Journal B? It takes two steps to make it happen:

1. Register yourself in Journal B as an Author

Find the journal you want to submit to in CATEGORIES, click on “VIEW JOURNAL”, “Online Submissions”, “GO TO LOGIN” and “Edit My Profile”. Check “Author” on the “Edit Profile” page, then “Save”.

2. Submission

Go to “User Home”, and click on “Author” under the name of Journal B. You may start a New Submission by clicking on “CLICK HERE”.

We only use the following emails to deal with issues about paper acceptance, payment and submission of electronic versions of our journals to databases:
caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net; office@cscanada.org
ans@cscanada.net;ans@cscanada.org

 Articles published in Advances in Natural Science are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY).

 ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCE Editorial Office

Address: 1055 Rue Lucien-L'Allier, Unit #772, Montreal, QC H3G 3C4, Canada.

Telephone: 1-514-558 6138
Website: Http://www.cscanada.net; Http://www.cscanada.org
E-mail:caooc@hotmail.com; office@cscanada.net

Copyright © 2010 Canadian Research & Development Centre of Sciences and Cultures